SECTION 3.344. Telecommunications Services

(a) Definitions. The following words and terms, when used in this section, shall have the following meanings, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.

(1) Basic local exchange telephone service--The provision by a telephone company of each access line and each dial tone to a fixed location for sending and receiving telecommunications in the telephone company's local exchange network. Services are considered basic irrespective of whether the customer has access to a private or party line, or whether the customer has limited or unlimited access. The term does not include international, interstate, or intrastate long-distance telecommunications services or mobile telecommunications services.

(2) Internet--Collectively the myriad of computer and telecommunications facilities, including equipment and operating software, that comprise the interconnected worldwide network of networks that employ the Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol, or any predecessor or successor protocols to the protocol, to communicate information of all kinds by wire or radio.

(3) Internet access service--A service that enables users to access content, information, electronic mail, or other services offered over the Internet and may also include access to proprietary content, information, and other services as part of a package of services offered to consumers. The term does not include telecommunications services. See §3.366 of this title (relating to Internet Access Services).

(4) Interstate long-distance telecommunication service--A telecommunication service that originates in one state, crosses state lines, and terminates in another state.

(5) Intrastate long-distance telecommunications service--A telecommunication service that originates and terminates within one state, but crosses the boundaries on subdivisions or jurisdictions within the state.

(6) Mobile telecommunications service--The provision of a commercial mobile radio service, as defined in 47 C.F.R. 20.3 of the Federal Communications Commission's (FCC) regulations in effect on June 1, 1999 under the Mobile Telecommunications Sourcing Act (4 U.S.C. §§116-126). The term includes cellular telecommunications services, personal communications services (PCS), specialized mobile radio services, wireless voice over Internet protocol services, and paging services. The term does not include telephone prepaid calling cards or air-ground radio telephone services as defined in 47 C.F.R. 22.99 of FCC regulations in effect on June 1, 1999.

(7) Pay telephone coin sent--Telecommunications service paid for by the insertion of coins into a coin-operated telephone.

(8) Place of primary use--The physical street address that is representative of where a customer primarily uses a mobile telecommunications service. That location must be either the customer's residential street address or the customer's primary business street address that is within the licensed service area of the service provider. The individual or entity that contracts with the service provider is the customer. If the individual or entity that contracts with the service provider is not the end user, then the physical street address where the end user primarily uses the service determines the customer's place of primary use. For example, a business owner who is located in Austin, Texas establishes mobile telecommunication service accounts for employees who are located in other cities. One employee does business from his home in Dallas, Texas. Two other employees work at an office that is located in Houston, Texas. Another employee works at an office that is located in New Orleans, Louisiana. The home street address of the employee in Dallas is the place of primary use for that cellular phone account. The place of primary use for the two Houston employees is the street address of the Houston office. The place of primary use for the employee in Louisiana is the street address of the New Orleans office.

(9) Prepaid telecommunications service--A wireless or wire telecommunications service for which the provider requires a customer to prepay the full amount prior to provision of the service. The term does not include the sale or use of a telephone prepaid calling card as defined in paragraph (15) of this subsection. A card, pin number, access code or similar device that allows a user to access only a specific network, or that is intended for use with a specific user account or device (e.g., to add more minutes to an existing account) is a prepaid telecommunications service and is taxed as the sale of a telecommunications service. Local sales tax is collected as explained in subsection (h) of this section.

(10) Private communication service--A telecommunication service that entitles the customer to exclusive or priority use of a communications channel or group of channels between or among termination points, regardless of the manner in which such channel or channels are connected, and includes switching capacity, extension lines, stations, and any other associated services that are provided in connection with the use of such channel or channels.

(A) As it relates to private communication service, the term "communications channel" means a physical or virtual path of communications over which signals are transmitted between or among customer channel termination points.

(B) As it relates to private communication service, the term "customer channel termination point" means the location where the customer either inputs or receives the communications.

(11) Seller--Any person who sells telecommunications services including a hotel, motel, owner or lessor of an office, residential building or development that contracts and pays for telecommunications services for resale to guests or tenants.

(12) Taxable service--A telecommunications service or other taxable service listed in Tax Code, §151.0101.

(13) Telecommunications services--The electronic or electrical transmission, conveyance, routing, or reception of sounds, signals, data, or information utilizing wires, cable, radio waves, microwaves, satellites, fiber optics, Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP), or any other method now in existence or that may be devised, including but not limited to long-distance telephone service. The term includes mobile telecommunications services and prepaid telecommunications services. The term does not include:

(A) the storage of data or other information for subsequent retrieval or the processing, or reception and processing, of data or information intended to change its form or content;

(B) the sale or use of a telephone prepaid calling card;

(C) Internet access service; or

(D) pay telephone coin sent.

(14) Telephone company--A person who owns or operates a telephone line or telephone in this state and charges for its use.

(15) Telephone prepaid calling card--A card or other item, including an access code, that represents the right to access telecommunications services, other than prepaid telecommunications services as defined in paragraph (9) of this subsection, through multiple devices, regardless of the network providing direct service to the device used, for which payment is made in incremental amounts and before the call or transmission is initiated. For example, a calling card that allows a user to access a long distance telecommunications network for the purpose of making international calls through a pay phone is a telephone prepaid calling card. The sale of a telephone prepaid calling card is taxed as the sale of tangible personal property.

(16) Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP)--A telecommunication service where a phone call is transmitted over a data network. The term "Internet Protocol" is a catchall phrase for the protocols and technologies of encoding a voice call that allow the voice call to be slotted in between data on a data network, including the Internet, a company's Intranet, or any other type of data network.

(b) Taxable telecommunications services. The total amount charged for a taxable telecommunications service is subject to sales tax. Sales tax is due on a charge for the following:

(1) basic local exchange telephone services;

(2) enhanced services such as metro service, extended area service, multiline hunting, and PBX trunk;

(3) auxiliary services such as call waiting and call forwarding;

(4) intrastate long-distance telecommunications services;

(5) interstate long-distance telecommunications services that are both originated from, and billed to, a telephone number or billing or service address within Texas such that if a call originates in Texas and is billed to a Texas service address, the charge is taxable even if the invoice, statement, or other demand for payment is sent to an address in another state;

(6) mobile telecommunications services for which the place of primary use is located in Texas;

(7) telegraph services that are both originated from, and billed to, a person within Texas;

(8) a telecommunications service paid for by the insertion of tokens, credit or debit card into a coin-operated telephone located in Texas;

(9) subject to subsection (e) of this section, the lease, rental, or other charges for telecommunication equipment including separately stated installation charges. Separately stated charges for labor to install wiring will not be taxable if the wiring is installed in new structures or residences in such manner as to become a part of the realty. Separately stated charges for labor to install wiring in existing nonresidential real property are taxable. See §3.291 and §3.357 of this title (relating to Contractors; Nonresidential Real Property Repair, Remodeling, and Restoration; Real Property Maintenance) for additional information. If charges for the installation of wiring and charges for the equipment are not separated, the total charge will be treated as a sale and installation of tangible personal property. Equipment sold by a telecommunications service provider is subject to sales or use tax and is not taxed as part of the telecommunications service if the service provider separately invoices the sale of the equipment. The sale of equipment is not separately invoiced if it is identified on the same bill, receipt or invoice as the sale of the telecommunications service, even if it is identified as a separate line item on the same bill, receipt, or invoice;

(10) installation of telecommunications services, including service connection fees;

(11) private communication services. Taxable receipts include the channel termination charge imposed at each channel termination point within this state, the total channel mileage charges imposed between channel termination points or relay points within this state, and an apportionment of the interoffice channel mileage charge that crosses the state border. An apportionment on the basis of the ratio of the miles between the last channel termination point in Texas and the state border to the total miles between that channel termination point and the next channel termination point in the route will be accepted. If there is a single charge for a private communication service in which the customer has channel termination points both inside and outside of Texas, the apportionment can also be determined by dividing the number of customer channel termination points in Texas by the total number of customer channel termination points to establish the percentage of the charge subject to state sales tax for Texas. Other apportionment methods may be used by the seller if first approved in writing by the comptroller;

(12) charges that are passed through to a purchaser for federal, state, or local taxes or fees that are imposed on the seller of the telecommunications service rather than on the purchaser. Such charges are a cost or expense of the seller and are included in the total price subject to sales tax; and

(13) prepaid wireless telecommunications services as defined by subsection (a)(9) of this section when the purchase is made in person at a Texas business or is made by telephone or the Internet and the purchaser's primary business address or residential address is in Texas.

(c) Nontaxable or exempt charges. Sales tax is not due on charges for:

(1) interstate long-distance telecommunications services that are not both originated from, and billed to, a telephone number or billing or service address within Texas. Records must clearly distinguish between taxable and exempt long-distance services;

(2) broadcasts by commercial radio or television stations licensed or regulated by the FCC. See §3.313 of this title (relating to Cable Television Service and Bundle Cable Service) for the tax status of cable television services;

(3) telecommunications services purchased for resale;

(4) telegraph services that are not both originated from and billed to a person within Texas;

(5) mobile telecommunications services for which the place of primary use is located outside of Texas;

(6) charges for federal, state, or local taxes or fees that are imposed on the purchaser rather than on the seller of the telecommunications service. For example, no sales tax is due on a separately stated charge for federal excise tax or for 9-1-1 Emergency Service Fee and 9-1-1 Equalization Surcharge because these taxes or fees are imposed on the purchaser and are not a cost of doing business of the seller; and

(7) telecommunications services exclusively provided or used for the navigation of machinery and equipment exclusively used or employed on a farm or ranch in the building or maintaining of roads or water facilities or in the production of:

(A) food for human consumption;

(B) grass;

(C) feed for animal life; or

(D) other agricultural products to be sold in the regular course of business.

(E) The purchaser must be an agricultural registrant and provide the seller with an agricultural exemption certificate.

(F) This paragraph is effective September 1, 2015, and applies to telecommunication services provided after this date.

(d) Billing and records requirements. If any nontaxable charges are combined with and not separately stated from taxable telecommunications service charges on the purchaser's bill or invoice from a provider of telecommunications services, the combined charge is subject to tax unless the service provider can identify the portion of the charges that are nontaxable through the provider's books and records kept in the regular course of business. If the nontaxable charges cannot reasonably be identified, the charges from the sale of both nontaxable services and taxable telecommunications services are attributable to taxable telecommunications services. The provider of telecommunications services has the burden of proving nontaxable charges.

(e) Resale of tangible personal property. See §3.285 of this title (relating to Resale Certificate; Sales for Resale).

(1) Transfer of tangible personal property to the care, custody and control of the purchaser. A telecommunications service provider may claim a resale exemption on the purchase of tangible personal property that is transferred by the telecommunications service provider to the care, custody, and control of the purchaser. A telecommunications service provider must collect sales tax on charges for such items.

(2) Wireless voice communication devices. A person may claim a resale exemption on the purchase of a cell phone or other wireless voice communication device as an integral part of a taxable service, regardless of whether there is a separate charge for the wireless voice communication device or whether the purchaser is the provider of the taxable telecommunications service, if payment for the service is a condition for receiving the wireless voice communication device. For example, if a person signs a contract for the purchase of telecommunications services at the location of a retailer and the retailer sells the person a cell phone as a condition of entering the contract for the telecommunications services that will be provided by someone other than the retailer, the retailer can purchase the cell phone tax free with a properly completed resale certificate.

(f) Resale of a telecommunications service. See §3.285 of this title.

(1) Sales tax is not due on the charge by one telephone company to another for providing access to a local exchange network. The telecommunications service provider must collect sales tax from the final purchaser on the total charge for the taxable service including the charge for access.

(2) A telecommunications service may be purchased tax free for resale if resold by the purchaser as an integral part of a taxable service. The purchaser must give the service provider a properly completed resale certificate to purchase the telecommunications service tax free for resale. A telecommunications service is an integral part of a taxable service if the telecommunications service is essential to the performance of the taxable service and without which the taxable service could not be rendered. For example, an Internet access service provider (ISP) may give a resale certificate when purchasing the dedicated dial-up line services to be used by the ISP's customers. However, the ISP must pay sales tax when purchasing its own personal or business use of telecommunications services such as charges for its office phone lines, mobile telecommunications services for its traveling salespersons, or for a customer service call-center.

(3) A mobile telecommunications service provider may purchase roaming services from another mobile telecommunications service provider tax free for resale to its customers that are using the roaming services. For example, an out-of-state mobile telecommunications service provider purchases roaming services in Texas for resale to its out-of-state customers (i.e., persons who have a place of primary use outside Texas). To be exempt from sales tax, the out-of-state mobile telecommunications service provider must give the seller of the roaming services a resale certificate showing either a Texas sales tax permit number or the sales tax permit number or registration number issued by its home state. Effective for billing periods that begin on or after August 1, 2002, these out-of-state customers do not owe Texas sales tax on roaming charges incurred while visiting or traveling through Texas.

(g) Taxable purchases. Subject to the provisions of subsections (e) and (f) of this section, a telecommunications service provider owes sales or use tax on all tangible personal property and services that are used to provide the service. See §3.346 of this title (relating to Use Tax), §3.281 of this title (relating to Records Required; Information Required), and §3.282 of this title (relating to Auditing Taxpayer Records).

(h) Local tax.

(1) Subject to the provisions of paragraph (2) of this subsection, jurisdictions that impose local sales and use taxes may repeal the local sales tax exemption on telecommunications services. See Publication 96-339 (Jurisdictions That Impose Local Sales Tax on Telecommunications Services) for a list of jurisdictions that impose local taxes on telecommunications services.

(2) Taxable interstate long-distance telecommunications are only subject to state sales tax. Local taxing jurisdictions may not repeal the local sales tax exemption on interstate long-distance telecommunications services.

(3) A seller of taxable telecommunications services, with the exception of mobile telecommunications services as explained in paragraph (4) of this subsection and prepaid wireless telecommunications services as explained in paragraph (6) of this subsection, must collect local sales taxes based on the location from which the telecommunications service originates. If the point of origin cannot be determined, the telecommunications service provider must collect local taxes based on the address to which the telecommunications service is billed.

(4) A seller of mobile telecommunications services must collect local sales taxes based on the place of primary use as defined in subsection (a)(8) of this section and per Tax Code, §151.061. The location from which a mobile telecommunications service originates does not determine whether the service is exempt or is subject to state or local sales tax.

(5) A seller of telephone prepaid calling cards is not selling a telecommunications service and must collect state and local sales or use tax on the sale of the cards in the same manner as sales of other tangible personal property.

(6) A seller of prepaid wireless telecommunications services as defined in subsection (a)(9) of this section must collect local tax based on the business address of the seller when the sale occurs in Texas in person. However, if the sale occurs over the telephone or Internet, tax is due if the primary business address of the purchaser or residential address of the purchaser is in Texas.

Source Note: The provisions of this §3.344 adopted to be effective December 30, 1985, 10 TexReg 4810; amended to be effective April 1, 1988, 13 TexReg 1342; amended to be effective April 18, 2000, 25 TexReg 3289; amended to be effective October 21, 2010, 35 TexReg 9329; amended to be effective January 10, 2016, 41 TexReg 486