SECTION 110.3. Nitrous Oxide/Oxygen Inhalation Sedation

(a) Education and Professional Requirements. A dentist applying for a nitrous oxide/oxygen inhalation sedation permit shall meet one of the following educational/professional criteria:

(1) satisfactory completion of a comprehensive training program consistent with that described for nitrous oxide/oxygen inhalation sedation administration in the American Dental Association (ADA) Guidelines for Teaching Pain Control and Sedation to Dentists and Dental Students. This includes a minimum of fourteen (14) hours of training, including a clinical component, during which competency in inhalation sedation technique is achieved. Acceptable courses include those obtained from academic programs of instruction recognized by the ADA Commission on Dental Accreditation (CODA); or courses approved and recognized by the ADA Continuing Education Recognition Program (CERP); or courses approved and recognized by the Academy of General Dentistry (AGD) Program Approval for Continuing Education (PACE);

(2) satisfactory completion of an ADA/CODA approved or recognized pre-doctoral dental or postdoctoral dental training program which affords comprehensive training necessary to administer and manage nitrous oxide/oxygen inhalation sedation; or

(3) is a Texas licensed dentist, has a current Board-issued nitrous oxide/oxygen inhalation sedation permit, and has been using nitrous oxide/oxygen inhalation sedation in a competent manner immediately prior to the implementation of this chapter on June 1, 2011. Any dentist whose Board-issued nitrous oxide/oxygen inhalation sedation permit is active on June 1, 2011 shall automatically continue to hold this permit.

(b) Standard of Care Requirements. A dentist performing nitrous oxide/oxygen inhalation sedation shall maintain the minimum standard of care for anesthesia, and in addition shall:

(1) adhere to the clinical requirements as detailed in this section;

(2) maintain under continuous direct supervision auxiliary personnel who shall be capable of reasonably assisting in procedures, problems, and emergencies incident to the use of nitrous oxide/oxygen inhalation sedation;

(3) maintain current certification in Basic Life Support (BLS) for Healthcare Providers for the assistant staff by having them pass a course that includes a written examination and a hands-on demonstration of skills; and

(4) not supervise a Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetist (CRNA) performing a nitrous oxide/oxygen inhalation sedation procedure unless the dentist holds a permit issued by the Board for the sedation procedure being performed. This provision and similar provisions in subsequent sections address dentists and are not intended to address the scope of practice of persons licensed by any other agency.

(c) Clinical Requirements. A dentist must meet the following clinical requirements to utilize nitrous oxide/oxygen inhalation sedation:

(1) Patient Evaluation. Patients considered for nitrous oxide/oxygen inhalation sedation must be suitably evaluated prior to the start of any sedative procedure. In healthy or medically stable individuals (ASA I, II), this may consist of a review of their current medical history and medication use. However, patients with significant medical considerations (ASA III, IV) may require consultation with the patient's primary care physician or consulting medical specialist.

(2) Pre-Procedure Preparation and Informed Consent.

(A) The patient, parent, guardian, or care-giver must be advised of the risks associated with the delivery of nitrous oxide/oxygen inhalation sedation and must provide written, informed consent for the proposed sedation.

(B) The dentist shall determine that an adequate oxygen supply is available and evaluate equipment for proper operation and delivery of inhalation agents prior to use on each patient.

(C) Baseline vitals must be obtained in accordance with §108.7 and §108.8 of this title.

(3) Personnel and Equipment Requirements.

(A) In addition to the dentist, at least one member of the assistant staff should be present during the administration of nitrous oxide/oxygen inhalation sedation in nonemergency situations.

(B) The inhalation equipment must have a fail-safe system that is appropriately checked and calibrated. The equipment must also have either:

(i) a functioning device that prohibits the delivery of less than 30% oxygen; or

(ii) an appropriately calibrated and functioning in-line oxygen analyzer with audible alarm.

(C) If nitrous oxide and oxygen delivery equipment capable of delivering less than 30% oxygen is used, an in-line oxygen analyzer must be utilized.

(D) The equipment must have an appropriate nitrous oxide/oxygen scavenging system.

(E) The ability of the provider and/or the facility to deliver positive pressure oxygen must be maintained.

(4) Monitoring.

(A) The dentist must induce the nitrous oxide/oxygen inhalation sedation and must remain in the room with the patient during the maintenance of the sedation until pharmacologic and physiologic vital sign stability is established.

(B) After pharmacologic and physiologic vital sign stability has been established, the dentist may delegate the monitoring of the nitrous oxide/oxygen inhalation sedation to a dental auxiliary who has been certified to monitor the administration of nitrous oxide/oxygen inhalation sedation by the State Board of Dental Examiners.

(5) Documentation.

(A) Pre-operative baseline vitals must be documented.

(B) Individuals present during administration must be documented.

(C) Maximum concentration administered must be documented.

(D) The start and finish times of the inhalation agent must be documented.

(6) Recovery and Discharge.

(A) Recovery from nitrous oxide/oxygen inhalation sedation, when used alone, should be relatively quick, requiring only that the patient remain in an operatory chair as needed.

(B) Patients who have unusual reactions to nitrous oxide/oxygen inhalation sedation should be assisted and monitored either in an operatory chair or recovery room until stable for discharge.

(C) The dentist must determine that the patient is appropriately responsive prior to discharge. The dentist shall not leave the facility until the patient meets the criteria for discharge and is discharged from the facility.

(7) Emergency Management. Because sedation is a continuum, it is not always possible to predict how an individual patient will respond. If a patient enters a deeper level of sedation than the dentist is qualified to provide, the dentist must stop the dental procedure until the patient returns to the intended level of sedation. The dentist is responsible for the sedative management, adequacy of the facility and staff, diagnosis and treatment of emergencies related to the administration of the nitrous oxide, and providing the equipment and protocols for patient rescue. A dentist must be able to rescue patients who enter a deeper state of sedation than intended. The dentist, personnel and facility must be prepared to treat emergencies that may arise from the administration of nitrous oxide/oxygen inhalation sedation.

(8) Management of Children. For children twelve (12) years of age and under, the dentist should observe the American Academy of Pediatrics/American Academy of Pediatric Dentists Guidelines for Monitoring and Management of Pediatric Patients During and After Sedation for Diagnostic and Therapeutic Procedures.

(d) A dentist who holds a nitrous oxide/oxygen inhalation sedation permit shall not intentionally administer minimal sedation, moderate sedation, deep sedation, or general anesthesia.

Source Note: The provisions of this §110.3 adopted to be effective May 10, 2011, 36 TexReg 2833