SECTION 111.45. Independent Study in Mathematics, Adopted 2012 (One-Half to One Credit)

(a) General requirements.

(1) Students shall be awarded one-half to one credit for successful completion of this course. Prerequisites: Geometry and Algebra II.

(2) Students may repeat this course with different course content for up to three credits.

(3) The requirements for each course must be approved by the local district before the course begins.

(4) If this course is being used to satisfy requirements for the Distinguished Achievement Program, student research/products must be presented before a panel of professionals or approved by the student's mentor.

(b) Introduction.

(1) The desire to achieve educational excellence is the driving force behind the Texas essential knowledge and skills for mathematics, guided by the college and career readiness standards. By embedding statistics, probability, and finance, while focusing on fluency and solid understanding, Texas will lead the way in mathematics education and prepare all Texas students for the challenges they will face in the 21st century.

(2) The process standards describe ways in which students are expected to engage in the content. The placement of the process standards at the beginning of the knowledge and skills listed for each grade and course is intentional. The process standards weave the other knowledge and skills together so that students may be successful problem solvers and use mathematics efficiently and effectively in daily life. The process standards are integrated at every grade level and course. When possible, students will apply mathematics to problems arising in everyday life, society, and the workplace. Students will use a problem-solving model that incorporates analyzing given information, formulating a plan or strategy, determining a solution, justifying the solution, and evaluating the problem-solving process and the reasonableness of the solution. Students will select appropriate tools such as real objects, manipulatives, paper and pencil, and technology and techniques such as mental math, estimation, and number sense to solve problems. Students will effectively communicate mathematical ideas, reasoning, and their implications using multiple representations such as symbols, diagrams, graphs, and language. Students will use mathematical relationships to generate solutions and make connections and predictions. Students will analyze mathematical relationships to connect and communicate mathematical ideas. Students will display, explain, or justify mathematical ideas and arguments using precise mathematical language in written or oral communication.

(3) In Independent Study in Mathematics, students will extend their mathematical understanding beyond the Algebra II level in a specific area or areas of mathematics such as theory of equations, number theory, non-Euclidean geometry, linear algebra, advanced survey of mathematics, or history of mathematics.

(4) Statements that contain the word "including" reference content that must be mastered, while those containing the phrase "such as" are intended as possible illustrative examples.

(c) Knowledge and skills: mathematical process standards. The student uses mathematical processes to acquire and demonstrate mathematical understanding. The student is expected to:

(1) apply mathematics to problems arising in everyday life, society, and the workplace;

(2) use a problem-solving model that incorporates analyzing given information, formulating a plan or strategy, determining a solution, justifying the solution, and evaluating the problem-solving process and the reasonableness of the solution;

(3) select tools, including real objects, manipulatives, paper and pencil, and technology as appropriate, and techniques, including mental math, estimation, and number sense as appropriate, to solve problems;

(4) communicate mathematical ideas, reasoning, and their implications using multiple representations, including symbols, diagrams, graphs, and language as appropriate;

(5) create and use representations to organize, record, and communicate mathematical ideas;

(6) analyze mathematical relationships to connect and communicate mathematical ideas; and

(7) display, explain, and justify mathematical ideas and arguments using precise mathematical language in written or oral communication.

Source Note: The provisions of this §111.45 adopted to be effective September 10, 2012, 37 TexReg 7109